SEO15 min readSourced Data

AI Search Engine Statistics 2026: Market Share Data

AI search engine statistics for 2026: ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity and Copilot referral shares, Google AI Mode users, AI Overview clicks and AI traffic.

Digital Applied Team
April 8, 2026• Updated October 21, 2026
15 min read
80.47%

ChatGPT’s share of AI chatbot referrals worldwide, Sep 2026 (StatCounter)

1.2B+

People using ChatGPT each week, Oct 2026 (OpenAI)

1B+

Google AI Mode monthly users, May 2026 (Google)

0.39%

ChatGPT’s share of Google + ChatGPT referrals, Sep 2026 (StatCounter)

Key Takeaways

AI search market share depends on what is measured: ChatGPT sent 80.47% of AI chatbot referrals worldwide in September 2026 (StatCounter) but only 0.39% of combined Google and ChatGPT referrals. Similarweb puts its share of visits to AI websites at about 53% in May 2026, down from about 76% in June 2025.
ChatGPT’s audience keeps growing: OpenAI says more than 1.2 billion people use ChatGPT each week (October 2026), up from more than 700 million in July 2025, and that search usage nearly tripled in the year to March 2026.
Google’s AI features count users in the billions: AI Overviews had more than 2 billion monthly users by July 2025, and AI Mode passed one billion monthly users in May 2026, a year after its US launch.
Fewer clicks when an AI answer appears: Pew measured traditional-result clicks on 8% of Google visits with an AI summary against 15% without; Ahrefs found the top result’s click-through rate 58% lower on AI Overview keywords in December 2025. Google said in August 2025 that total organic clicks were relatively stable.
AI referrals are small but doubling: Similarweb estimates 770.7 million AI referral visits a month (June 2025 to May 2026, +117.4%). On US federal websites, ChatGPT sent 1.61% of all visits against 22.67% from Google organic search (30 days to October 20, 2026).

How big is AI search in 2026? It depends on what you count. AI assistants now reach well over a billion people every week, yet they still send a small fraction of the traffic that Google does. Many widely shared “AI search market share” figures mix users, queries and referrals, or have no source at all.

This page collects figures whose publishers say what they measured, where and when: disclosures from OpenAI, Google and Microsoft; independent measurement from StatCounter, Cloudflare Radar and the US government’s analytics.usa.gov; surveys from Pew Research Center and the Reuters Institute; published research; and clearly labelled commercial panels such as Similarweb. Every row names its source and period. Figures were last checked on October 21, 2026. For help turning them into a search plan, see our agentic SEO services.

AI Search Market Share in 2026

No public dataset measures how many searches go to AI assistants rather than to search engines. What can be measured is narrower: which assistants send people to websites, which assistant websites people visit, and what people say they use. StatCounter counts page views referred to the websites that run its tracker. In September 2026, ChatGPT sent 80.47% of the page views referred by AI chatbots worldwide, Gemini 10.94%, Perplexity 5.84%, Copilot 1.78% and Claude 0.95%.

Visits to the assistants themselves tell a different story. Similarweb’s panel puts ChatGPT at about 53% of visits to generative AI websites in May 2026, down from about 76% in June 2025, with Gemini at 27–28%. ChatGPT still dominates the traffic AI assistants send out, while Gemini has taken a much larger share of the visits people make to AI tools.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
80.47%ChatGPT’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, all devices, September 2026StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
10.94%Google Gemini’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, all devices, September 2026StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
5.84%Perplexity’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, all devices, September 2026StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
1.78%Microsoft Copilot’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, all devices, September 2026StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
0.95%Claude’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, all devices, September 2026 (DeepSeek 0.02%)StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
84.21% → 80.47%ChatGPT’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, April 2025 (the first month StatCounter publishes) and September 2026StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
2.31% → 10.94%Google Gemini’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, April 2025 and September 2026StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
74.87%ChatGPT’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), United States, all devices, September 2026 (Gemini 13.43%, Copilot 6.69%, Perplexity 3.07%, Claude 1.85%)StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
78.82%ChatGPT’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), Europe, all devices, September 2026 (Gemini 12.82%, Perplexity 3.72%, Copilot 3.20%, Claude 1.41%)StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
83.72%ChatGPT’s share of page views referred to websites by AI chatbots, among the six chatbots StatCounter tracks (not a share of all web or search traffic), worldwide, mobile devices only, September 2026 (Gemini 8.82%, Perplexity 6.87%, Copilot 0.33%)StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
about 76% → about 53%ChatGPT’s share of visits to generative AI websites worldwide, desktop and mobile web, June 2025 and May 2026 (Similarweb panel estimate)Similarweb, Jul 29, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
under 9% → 27–28%Google Gemini’s share of visits to generative AI websites worldwide, June 2025 and May 2026 (Similarweb panel estimate)Similarweb, Jul 29, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
about 2% → about 9%Claude’s share of visits to generative AI websites worldwide, June 2025 and May 2026 (Similarweb panel estimate)Similarweb, Jul 29, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
9.5 billionAverage monthly web visits to generative AI platforms worldwide, June 2025 to May 2026, up 70% on the year before (655 million average monthly unique visitors, up 57%; Similarweb panel estimate)Similarweb, Jul 29, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
6xOpenAI’s statement that ChatGPT has six times the monthly web visits and mobile sessions of the next largest AI app (March 2026; no method or data source given)OpenAI, Mar 31, 2026Vendor claim

ChatGPT Search

OpenAI reports people, not searches. On October 21, 2026 it said more than 1.2 billion people use ChatGPT each week, up from more than 700 million at the end of July 2025. It has not published how many of those people use search, only that search usage “nearly tripled” in the year to March 2026. ChatGPT can choose when to answer from the web, so a search count would not map neatly onto Google’s queries anyway.

The clearest view of what people use ChatGPT for comes from an NBER working paper by OpenAI’s economic research team and Harvard economist David Deming. In a sample of consumer conversations, “Seeking Information”, the use closest to search, grew from 14% of messages in July 2024 to 24% in July 2025. Advertising followed in 2026: OpenAI says ChatGPT Ads reached a $1 billion annual run rate in under 200 days.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
1.2 billion+People using ChatGPT each week, according to OpenAI, October 21, 2026OpenAI, Oct 21, 2026Official (company-reported)
1 billion+ChatGPT weekly active users, according to OpenAI, August 31, 2026OpenAI, Aug 31, 2026Official (company-reported)
900 million+ChatGPT weekly active users, with more than 50 million paying subscribers, according to OpenAI, March 31, 2026OpenAI, Mar 31, 2026Official (company-reported)
700 million+ChatGPT weekly active users at the end of July 2025, nearly 10% of the world’s adult population (up from more than 100 million logged-in weekly users after one year and almost 350 million after two)NBER (Chatterji et al.), Sep 2025Research study
18 billionMessages sent to ChatGPT each week by July 2025 (more than 2.5 billion a day), consumer plansNBER (Chatterji et al.), Sep 2025Research study
14% → 24%Share of ChatGPT consumer messages classified as “Seeking Information”, July 2024 and July 2025 (sampled conversations, automated classification)NBER (Chatterji et al.), Sep 2025Research study
73%Share of ChatGPT consumer messages not related to work, June 2025 (53% in June 2024; daily message counts, work share estimated from sampled conversations)NBER (Chatterji et al.), Sep 2025Research study
nearly 3xGrowth in ChatGPT search usage in the year to March 2026, according to OpenAI (no absolute figure given)OpenAI, Mar 31, 2026Official (company-reported)
Oct 31, 2024Launch of ChatGPT search for Plus and Team users; it reached all logged-in users on December 16, 2024 and everyone, without sign-up, on February 5, 2025OpenAI, Oct 31, 2024Official (company-reported)
Third-party providersHow ChatGPT search works with search providers: it sometimes uses other search providers, and when it does it typically rewrites a question into one or more targeted queries sent to those providersOpenAI Help, read Oct 21, 2026Platform rule
$1 billionChatGPT Ads annualized revenue run rate reached in under 200 days after launch, according to OpenAI, August 31, 2026OpenAI, Aug 31, 2026Official (company-reported)
89 countriesCountries where ChatGPT Ads are available after the October 21, 2026 expansion; more than 100,000 advertisers have run campaignsOpenAI, Oct 21, 2026Official (company-reported)

Perplexity

Perplexity, an AI answer engine built around web search, publishes few usage figures of its own. In StatCounter’s data its share of AI chatbot referrals has roughly halved, from 12.07% in April 2025 to 5.84% in September 2026, while Gemini’s share grew. Relative to how much it crawls, Perplexity sends more visitors back than other AI platforms: Cloudflare measured the lowest crawl-to-refer ratio of the major AI platforms for Perplexity in 2025.

Cloudflare also reported in August 2025 that Perplexity used an undeclared crawler to reach sites that had blocked its declared bots, and removed it from its verified-bot list. Perplexity disputed the finding the same day, saying Cloudflare had confused its traffic with unrelated requests from a third-party browser service. The one detailed usage study, by Harvard and Perplexity researchers, covers the agent in Perplexity’s Comet browser rather than search itself.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
12.07% → 5.84%Perplexity’s share of page views referred by AI chatbots, worldwide, April 2025 and September 2026 (StatCounter)StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
10.85% → 5.84%Perplexity’s share of page views referred by AI chatbots, worldwide, September 2025 and September 2026 (StatCounter)StatCounter, read Oct 21, 2026Measured (independent dataset)
below 200:1Perplexity’s peak crawl-to-refer ratio from September 2025 (HTML pages its crawlers requested per page view it referred, Cloudflare network); the lowest of the major AI platforms in 2025, after a late-March spike above 700:1Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
3.5xGrowth in PerplexityBot crawling traffic across 2025, Cloudflare network (end of November against the start of the year)Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
20–25 millionDaily requests Cloudflare attributed to Perplexity’s declared Perplexity-User agent, against 3–6 million a day from an undeclared crawler it said was Perplexity’s (August 2025; Perplexity disputed the attribution)Cloudflare, Aug 4, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
57%Share of agent queries in Perplexity’s Comet browser in the two largest topics, Productivity & Workflow (36%) and Learning & Research (21%), desktop users, July 9 to October 22, 2025Yang et al., arXiv, Dec 8, 2025Research study
55% / 30% / 16%Shares of Comet agent queries made in personal, professional and educational contexts, same periodYang et al., arXiv, Dec 8, 2025Research study

Google AI Mode and AI Overviews

By Google’s own monthly counts, its AI features in Search reach users in the billions. AI Overviews, the AI summaries at the top of results, had more than 2 billion monthly users by July 2025. AI Mode, the separate conversational search launched in the US on May 20, 2025, passed one billion monthly users a year later. Each disclosure uses a different measure (monthly users, daily active users, US and India only), so the series is not one continuous line.

Google says these features add queries rather than replace them: AI Overviews drove more than 10% more queries for the query types that show them, and AI Mode queries are three times longer than traditional searches, with nearly one in six made by voice or image (more on that in our voice search statistics). Pew found AI summaries on 18% of Google searches in March 2025, more often on longer and question-style searches. For the ranking changes that came with them, see our Google algorithm update history.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
1.5 billion+Monthly users of Google’s AI Overviews, April 2025Alphabet, Apr 24, 2025Official (company-reported)
2 billion+Monthly users of AI Overviews across more than 200 countries and territories and 40 languages, July 2025Alphabet, Jul 23, 2025Official (company-reported)
10%+Increase in Google queries for the types of queries that show AI Overviews, globally, according to Google (July 2025)Alphabet, Jul 23, 2025Official (company-reported)
100 million+Monthly active users of AI Mode in the US and India, July 2025, two months after its US launch on May 20, 2025Alphabet, Jul 23, 2025Official (company-reported)
75 million+Daily active users of AI Mode after its global rollout in 40 languages, October 2025Alphabet, Oct 29, 2025Official (company-reported)
1 billion+Monthly users of AI Mode one year after its debut, with queries more than doubling every quarter since launch (May 2026; restated as monthly active users in July 2026)Google, May 19, 2026Official (company-reported)
3xLength of AI Mode queries compared with traditional searches, according to Google (February 2026; twice as long in April 2025)Alphabet, Feb 4, 2026Official (company-reported)
nearly 1 in 6Share of AI Mode queries that are non-text (voice or images), according to Google, February 2026Alphabet, Feb 4, 2026Official (company-reported)
BillionsClicks Google says it sends to websites every week through AI features in Search (July 2026; no exact figure given)Alphabet, Jul 22, 2026Official (company-reported)
17%Year-on-year growth in Alphabet’s Search & other revenue, quarter to June 30, 2026 (19% in the quarter to March 31, 2026)Alphabet, Jul 22, 2026Official (company-reported)
18%Share of Google searches that produced an AI summary, browsing data of 900 US adults, March 2025 (60% of searches starting with a question word; 8% of one- or two-word searches)Pew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
60%US adults who say they read the AI summaries at the top of search engine results (30% do not, 10% not sure), February 2026Pew Research Center, Jun 17, 2026Survey

Clicks When AI Answers Appear

The best independent evidence on clicks comes from Pew Research Center, which tracked the browsing of 900 US adults in March 2025. When a Google results page showed an AI summary, people clicked a traditional result on 8% of visits, against 15% without one, and clicked a link inside the summary on 1%. Ahrefs, analysing its own keyword and Search Console data, found the top result’s click-through rate 34.5% lower on keywords with an AI Overview in 2025, and 58% lower when it repeated the study with December 2025 data.

Google’s position is that total organic clicks from Search have been relatively stable, with traffic shifting between sites. Publisher data points the other way: Chartbeat figures quoted by the Reuters Institute show Google organic traffic to more than 2,500 news and publisher sites down 33% between November 2024 and November 2025. The two can both be true if some sites lose traffic while others gain, which is how Google itself describes the shift. More detail is in our zero-click search statistics.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
8% vs 15%Share of visits to Google results pages on which users clicked a traditional result link, with and without an AI summary on the page (Pew browsing panel of 900 US adults, 68,879 searches, March 2025)Pew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
1%Share of visits to Google results pages with an AI summary on which users clicked a link inside the summary, same panel and periodPew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
26% vs 16%Share of Google results pages after which users ended their browsing session, with and without an AI summary, same panel and periodPew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
34.5%Lower average click-through rate for the top-ranking page on keywords showing an AI Overview, Ahrefs’ analysis of 300,000 keywords and Search Console data, March 2024 against March 2025 (desktop)Ahrefs, Apr 17, 2025Vendor study
58%Lower average click-through rate for the top-ranking page on keywords showing an AI Overview, Ahrefs’ repeat of the same analysis, December 2023 against December 2025 (position-one CTR on those keywords fell from 7.3% to 1.6%)Ahrefs, Feb 4, 2026Vendor study
Relatively stableGoogle’s description of total organic click volume from Google Search to websites, year on year, August 2025 (no figures published)Google, Aug 6, 2025Official (company-reported)
−33%Change in Google organic search traffic to more than 2,500 news and publisher sites, November 2024 to November 2025, worldwide (−38% in the US); Chartbeat data quoted by the Reuters InstituteReuters Institute, Jun 2026Measured (third-party panel)
42%Share of people who use AI chatbots for news who say they always or often click through to the original news source, 48-market survey, 2026 (44% of people who use search engines for news and 36% of those who use social media for news say the same; different user bases)Reuters Institute, Jun 2026Survey

AI Referral Traffic by Industry

AI referrals are small but growing quickly. Similarweb estimates that AI platforms sent 770.7 million visits a month to websites between June 2025 and May 2026, more than double the year before, and that every industry it tracks at least doubled. Marketplaces received the most AI referral visits, followed by news and travel. Beauty (+312.5%) and fashion (+278.2%) grew fastest from small bases, while marketplaces still grew 237.3% from the largest base.

These are panel estimates of referred visits, and Similarweb notes that visits arriving without referrer data are counted as direct traffic, so the figures are a floor. They show where AI referrals are growing, not how much organic traffic any industry has lost. Planning content for both channels is the work of our content engine service.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
770.7 millionAll industries: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; more than double the year before (+117.4%)Similarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
46.8 millionMarketplaces: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; +237.3% on the year beforeSimilarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
44.5 millionNews: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; +115.6% on the year beforeSimilarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
44.5 millionTravel: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; +115.6% on the year beforeSimilarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
19.1 millionFinance: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; +236.5% on the year beforeSimilarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
17.1 millionConsumer electronics: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; +215.4% on the year beforeSimilarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
2.0 millionBeauty: average monthly visits referred by AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, Grok, DeepSeek), worldwide desktop and mobile web, June 2025 to May 2026, Similarweb panel estimate; +312.5% on the year before (from 473,300), the fastest growth of the seven industries Similarweb reportsSimilarweb, Sep 3, 2026Measured (third-party panel)

Microsoft Copilot and Bing

Microsoft does not report Copilot search queries or Bing’s market share. It reports users and revenue growth: its first-party Copilots passed 150 million monthly active users in October 2025, and in April 2026 Microsoft said Bing had reached 1 billion monthly active users for the first time. Search advertising revenue, excluding traffic acquisition costs, grew 10% in the quarter to June 2026.

In referral data, Copilot is a small and shrinking source: 1.78% of AI chatbot referrals worldwide in September 2026, down from 4.04% a year earlier, though 6.69% in the US, and only 0.33% on mobile devices worldwide. Microsoft’s own analysis of 37.5 million Copilot conversations found that searching for information remained the most common use in 2025.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
100 million+Monthly active users of Microsoft’s family of Copilot apps across commercial and consumer, July 2025Microsoft, Jul 30, 2025Official (company-reported)
150 million+Monthly active users of Microsoft’s first-party Copilots across information work, coding, security, science, health and consumer, October 2025Microsoft, Oct 29, 2025Official (company-reported)
1 billionBing monthly active users, reached for the first time, according to Microsoft, April 2026Microsoft, Apr 29, 2026Official (company-reported)
+16%Year-on-year growth in Microsoft search and news advertising revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs, quarter to September 30, 2025 (+15% in constant currency)Microsoft, Oct 29, 2025Official (company-reported)
+10%Year-on-year growth in Microsoft search advertising revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs, quarter to June 30, 2026 (+9% in constant currency), driven by higher revenue per search across Edge and Bing and higher volumeMicrosoft, Jul 29, 2026Official (company-reported)
37.5 millionCopilot conversations Microsoft AI analysed (summaries only) for its 2025 usage report, which found that searching for information remained Copilot’s most popular useMicrosoft AI, Dec 10, 2025Research study

Citation Patterns and Answer Accuracy

Which sites AI answers cite is still poorly measured in public data. The most rigorous published look is Pew’s: in March 2025, Wikipedia, YouTube and Reddit made up 15% of the sources listed in Google’s AI summaries, about the same as in standard results, while .gov sites appeared three times as often. Citation rates in ChatGPT are low but rising: Similarweb estimates that 6.8% of US ChatGPT answers carried a citation in May 2026, against about 1.6% in June 2025.

Accuracy matters as much as frequency. In a Tow Center test of eight AI search tools, more than 60% of answers misidentified the news article they were asked about, and a study coordinated by the European Broadcasting Union found significant issues in 45% of AI assistants’ answers to news questions. For the evidence behind common AI search optimisation advice, see our AI search and SEO statistics.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
15%Share of sources listed in Google AI summaries that were Wikipedia, YouTube or Reddit, against 17% of sources in standard results (Pew browsing panel, March 2025)Pew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
6% vs 2%Share of linked sources that were .gov websites in Google AI summaries and in standard results, same panel and period (news sites 5% in both)Pew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
88%Share of Google AI summaries that cited three or more sources (1% cited one), same panel and period; the median summary was 67 wordsPew Research Center, Jul 22, 2025Research study
1.6% → 6.8%Share of US ChatGPT prompts whose answer included a source citation, June 2025 and May 2026 (Similarweb panel estimate, desktop)Similarweb, Jul 29, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
about 23%Share of US ChatGPT travel and hospitality prompts with a citation in May 2026, the highest category (automotive about 20%, professional services under 4%; Similarweb panel estimate)Similarweb, Jul 29, 2026Measured (third-party panel)
60%+Share of 1,600 test queries that eight AI search tools answered incorrectly when asked to identify a news article’s headline, publisher, date and URL from an excerpt (Tow Center test, published March 2025)Tow Center (CJR), Mar 6, 2025Research study
37% vs 94%Share of the same test queries answered incorrectly by Perplexity and by Grok 3, the best and worst of the eight tools on this measureTow Center (CJR), Mar 6, 2025Research study
45%Share of AI assistant answers to news questions with at least one significant issue, from more than 3,000 ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini and Perplexity responses reviewed by journalists at 22 public service media organisations in 18 countriesEBU and BBC, Oct 22, 2025Research study
31%Share of the same answers with serious sourcing problems (missing, misleading or incorrect attribution); Gemini had significant issues in 76% of its responsesEBU and BBC, Oct 22, 2025Research study
20%Share of people who trust answers from AI chatbots, against 37% who trust news overall, 48-market survey, 2026Reuters Institute, Jun 2026Survey

AI Crawlers and Crawl-to-Refer Ratios

AI answers that cite the web depend on crawlers, the assistant’s own or a search provider’s. Cloudflare’s 2025 data shows how lopsided the exchange is: AI bots made 4.2% of requests for HTML pages across its network, while the platforms behind them referred few visitors back. Anthropic’s crawlers requested up to 500,000 pages for each page view referred from its platforms, OpenAI’s up to 3,700, while Google’s ratio stayed between 3:1 and 30:1.

Of the crawling purposes Cloudflare tracks, the fastest-growing is the visit an assistant makes while answering a user, up more than 21 times during 2025. Which bots to allow is now a business decision; our AI crawler access guide sets out the trade-offs.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
4.2%Share of requests for HTML pages that came from AI bots other than Googlebot, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025 (ranging from 2.4% in early April to 6.4% in late June)Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
4.5%Share of requests for HTML pages that came from Googlebot alone, which crawls for both Search and AI, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
21xGrowth in “user action” AI crawling, the visits AI assistants make to pages to answer a user’s question, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025 (the post’s heading says “over 15x” for 2025)Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
16xPeak request volume of OpenAI’s ChatGPT-User agent against the start of 2025, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
up to 500,000:1Anthropic’s crawl-to-refer ratio, HTML pages requested by its crawlers per page view referred from its platform, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025 (about 25,000:1 to 100,000:1 after May); the highest of the leading AI and search platformsCloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
up to 3,700:1OpenAI’s peak crawl-to-refer ratio, March 2025, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
3:1 to 30:1Google’s crawl-to-refer ratio range, Cloudflare network, January to early December 2025 (Microsoft’s peaks generally 50:1 to 70:1)Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)
Most blockedAI crawlers such as GPTBot, ClaudeBot and CCBot were the user agents most often fully disallowed in the robots.txt files of the top 10,000 domains on Cloudflare Radar, 2025Cloudflare Radar, Dec 15, 2025Measured (independent dataset)

What the Platforms Say About Being Cited

The platforms’ own documentation is more modest than most optimisation advice. Google says there are no additional requirements to appear in AI Overviews or AI Mode, and no special files or schema: a page has to be indexed and eligible for a snippet. OpenAI says a site must allow its OAI-SearchBot crawler to appear in ChatGPT search answers. Bing now shows site owners how often Copilot cites their pages, though not how many people click.

None of the platforms promises that a page will be cited. Claude added web search in 2025 as well, so the same basics apply across assistants: crawlable pages, clear answers and content that other sources reference.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
No extra requirementsGoogle: a page needs to be indexed and eligible to show with a snippet to appear as a supporting link in AI Overviews or AI Mode; there are no additional technical requirementsGoogle Search Central, last updated Dec 10, 2025Platform rule
No special filesGoogle: no new machine-readable files, AI text files, markup or special schema.org structured data are needed to appear in AI featuresGoogle Search Central, last updated Dec 10, 2025Platform rule
Query fan-outGoogle: AI Overviews and AI Mode may run several related searches across subtopics and data sources to build one answer, and the two may use different modelsGoogle Search Central, last updated Dec 10, 2025Platform rule
“Web” search typeGoogle: clicks and impressions from AI Overviews and AI Mode are counted in Search Console’s Performance report under the Web search type, not reported separatelyGoogle Search Central, last updated Dec 10, 2025Platform rule
GooglebotGoogle: robots.txt rules for Googlebot, plus nosnippet, data-nosnippet, max-snippet or noindex, control how a site appears in AI features in Search; Google-Extended applies to some of Google’s other AI systemsGoogle Search Central, last updated Dec 10, 2025Platform rule
OAI-SearchBotOpenAI: sites that block OAI-SearchBot are not shown in ChatGPT search answers (they can still appear as navigational links); GPTBot, the training crawler, is controlled separatelyOpenAI, read Oct 21, 2026Platform rule
Feb 10, 2026Launch of Bing Webmaster Tools’ AI Performance report (public preview), which shows how often a site is cited in Microsoft Copilot, Bing’s AI-generated summaries and some partner integrations, with cited pages and grounding queries but no clicksBing Webmaster Blog, Feb 10, 2026Platform rule
Mar 20, 2025Launch of web search in Claude for paid US users; it reached all Claude plans worldwide on May 27, 2025Anthropic, Mar 20, 2025Official (company-reported)

Forecasts to Read With Care

Forecasts about AI search have aged unevenly. Gartner predicted in February 2024 that traditional search engine volume would fall 25% by 2026; Google reported Search queries at an all-time high in the first quarter of 2026 and says AI Mode adds queries overall. Publishers surveyed by the Reuters Institute expect their search traffic to fall by 43% over three years, which is a forecast of referrals, not of searches.

The next figures to watch are Alphabet’s and Microsoft’s quarterly results, OpenAI’s weekly user updates and StatCounter’s monthly referral data. Each measures something different, so track them side by side rather than combining them into one market share.

FigureWhat it measuresSource
−25% by 2026Gartner’s February 2024 forecast that traditional search engine volume would drop 25% by 2026 as search marketing loses share to AI chatbots and other virtual agents (a forecast; no public dataset has measured such a fall)Gartner, Feb 19, 2024Forecast
−43%News publishers’ expected change in traffic from search engines over the next three years, from the Reuters Institute’s survey of publishers for its 2026 trends report (an expectation, not a measurement)Reuters Institute, Jun 2026Survey

Widely Quoted Figures, Checked

Several AI search statistics circulate without a source, or with a source that measures something else. Each one below is checked against the publisher’s own page.

Often quoted asWhat the source says
Google has about 80% of searchStatCounter gives Google 89.94% of search-engine page-view referrals worldwide in September 2026, and Cloudflare measured nearly 90% of search referrals in 2025. Cloudflare’s ‘about 80%’ applies to desktop traffic only.
ChatGPT Search handles 250–500 million queries a weekNo primary source gives a weekly ChatGPT search query count. OpenAI reports people (more than 1.2 billion a week in October 2026) and, in an NBER paper, 18 billion messages a week in July 2025, 24% of them classified as seeking information.
Perplexity handles about 50 million queries a weekPerplexity’s CEO said it received 780 million queries in May 2025, about 180 million a week (reported by TechCrunch, June 5, 2025). No later company-wide query count on Perplexity’s own pages was found.
Google AI Mode has 200 million usersGoogle has disclosed more than 100 million monthly active users in the US and India (July 2025), more than 75 million daily active users (October 2025) and more than one billion monthly users (May 2026). None of its statements gives 200 million.
AI Mode has 75 million daily usersThis is Google’s own figure, from Sundar Pichai’s remarks of October 29, 2025, after the global rollout. It is a daily figure from late 2025; Google’s latest is more than one billion monthly users (May and July 2026).
ChatGPT has 10–15% of the search marketNo dataset measures AI assistants’ share of all searches. ChatGPT had 0.39% of combined Google and ChatGPT referrals in StatCounter’s September 2026 data, and sent 1.61% of all visits to US federal websites against 22.67% from Google organic search (30 days to October 20, 2026).
ChatGPT search queries grew 340% in a yearOpenAI said search usage ‘nearly tripled’ in the year to March 2026, without an absolute figure.
AI Overviews cut position-one CTR from 31.7% to 19.8%31.7% is the position-one CTR in Backlinko’s original August 2019 study of 5 million Google results, measured before AI Overviews existed; the current version of the same page gives 27.6%. No source for 19.8% was found. Ahrefs measured position-one CTR on AI Overview keywords falling from 7.3% to 1.6% between December 2023 and December 2025.
AI Overviews cut clicks by 40–50%Ahrefs’ two studies give 34.5% (March 2025 data) and 58% (December 2025 data) lower click-through rates for the top result. Pew found 8% of visits with a traditional-result click when an AI summary appeared, against 15% without.
Search engine volume will drop 25% by 2026This is a Gartner forecast from February 2024, not a measurement. Google reported Search queries at an all-time high in the first quarter of 2026.

Say What Is Being Measured

When you quote an AI search statistic, carry the measure, the source and the period with it: “ChatGPT sent 80.47% of AI chatbot referrals worldwide in September 2026 (StatCounter)” can be checked, while “ChatGPT has 15% of search” cannot. Users, queries, visits and referrals are different things, and no public dataset adds them up into one market share.

For planning, the pattern in the data is consistent: ChatGPT and Google’s AI features each reach audiences counted in the billions or close to it, and where clicks have been measured, an AI answer on the page means fewer clicks to websites. Track AI referrals as their own channel, check how your pages appear in AI Overviews, Copilot and ChatGPT, and judge success on the visits and leads you can measure.

Sources

Every figure on this page comes from one of the sources below.

Google and Alphabet
Anthropic and Perplexity
Independent measurement
Commercial panels, vendor studies and press
  • SimilarwebAI Search Stats 2026: Market Share, Referral, and Citation Data (from its 2026 Generative AI Landscape report)Jul 29, 2026
  • SimilarwebAI Referral Traffic by Industry: What 770 Million Monthly Visits RevealSep 3, 2026
  • AhrefsAI Overviews Reduce Clicks by 34.5%Apr 17, 2025
  • AhrefsUpdate: AI Overviews Reduce Clicks by 58%Feb 4, 2026
  • BacklinkoWe Analyzed 4 Million Google Search Results. Here’s What We Learned About Organic Click Through Rate (first version, Aug 27, 2019: “We Analyzed 5 Million Google Search Results”)first published Aug 27, 2019 (since revised)
  • TechCrunchPerplexity received 780 million queries last month, CEO saysJun 5, 2025

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